The Science of Shivering

If you have ventured outside without a warm jacket, you have probably discovered the frigid air of Arkansas in December, and you may have even felt your hands shaking or teeth chattering. However, you probably didn’t know why you couldn’t steady your hand. Humans have a core body temperature, which must be kept at 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit for the proper function of vital organs. The subconscious act of shivering is your body’s way of maintaining homeostasis. Your muscles surrounding your vital organs shake in an attempt to keep these organs warm; the shaking motion produces heat energy. According to Kazuhiro Nakamura of Oregon Health & Science University, shivering requires a lot of energy and thus is the body’s last resort at maintaining its internal temperature. Before shivering, your body goes through a number of processes to keep heat within the body. First, blood vessels are constricted in an attempt to keep the blood as far from the surface of the skin as possible. This prevents the blood from being cooled and inhibits evaporation. In addition, tiny muscles known as erector pili flex to make your hair stand up straight. This causes the hair to serve as an insulator, and it causes goosebumps to appear on the skin. If these processes do not work to keep the core warm, your body resorts to shivering. But how does the body know when to shiver? Well, your brain monitors the temperature of your skin and tells muscles when shivering should commence. So, the next time you shiver, remember the science behind it; then, put on a sweater.




Want something to do this weekend? Visit the Museum this Sunday, December 12 for FREE SECOND SUNDAY!